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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 15, 2008 22:44:26 GMT -5
Thank you for helping me out on Whirlwind Buffalo Woman but Ree had another wife included in the last two census' of his life.
His wife, in the 1886 ICS, is translated as "Carroin." Upon studying the handwriting it could also be "Canoin." In the 1887 ICS, the translation of her name is "Canain" but again, after studying the handwriting it looks like "Canoin."
Thanks again for any assistance on the correct translation of her name.
Lavanah Smith-Judah
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 14, 2008 20:06:48 GMT -5
Thank you for helping me out on Whirlwind Buffalo Woman but Ree had another wife included in the last two census' of his life.
His wife, in the 1886 ICS, is translated as "Carroin." Upon studying the handwriting it could also be "Canoin." In the 1887 ICS, the translation of her name is "Canain" but again, after studying the handwriting it looks like "Canoin."
Thanks again for any assistance on the correct translation of her name.
Lavanah Smith-Judah
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 13, 2008 23:11:41 GMT -5
The information regarding Whirlwind Buffalo Woman was obtained from:
Arthur P. Rose, An Illustrated History of the Counties of Rock and Pipestone, Minnesota,1911, 248-249. Bennett Interview with Struck By the Ree.
I am a stickler for sources.
Lavanah Smith-Judah
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 14, 2008 19:57:34 GMT -5
Anyone have a translation for Struck By The Ree's second wife?
Thanks for your help.
Lavanah Smith-Judah
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 13, 2008 23:02:33 GMT -5
In Remember Your Relatives, v. I, it states, "Yanktons lived in stable kinship bands before missionaries arrived on the reservaton. Before long, families were divided when churchmen forced husbands with two wives to give up one of them. Chief Struck By The Ree may have lost several wives. According to tribal records, his first wife, Tatehenaptewin, (Whirlwind Buffal Woman) either died or shared her well-knwon husband with three other wives.
My question is; The spelling of her Dakota name does not seem right to me. Would not the word tatanka be in it? And upon further investigation, I found in the 1892 and 1894 ICS, Whirlwind Woman, spelled "Wamniomni Winyan and then spelled Winyan Wamnismni." Any help here would be appreciated.
Second, I found the only two ICS for Struck By The Ree that were recorded and attached them to my tree. He died in 1888 and they started the ICS in 1886.
His wife here, in the 1886 ICS, is translated as "Carroin." Upon studying the handwriting it could also be "Canoin." In the 1887 ICS, the translation of her name is "Canain" but again, after studying the handwriting it looks like "Canoin."
Thanks again for any assistance on the correct translations of either of these names.
Lavanah Smith-Judah
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 4, 2008 21:00:27 GMT -5
Hello Kim,
I have only been at this since October last. I am sorry I am unable to assist at this time. I do know that somewhere down the line (just haven't gotten there yet) someone in my family married an Arconge. I suggest you go to "Members" and ask your question there for the whole community to see. This section is just for translations.
Just to let you know if I run across something, I will let you know. You should know you can search the Indian Census Schedules for the Yankton Sioux tribe and you will find many entries regarding your family.
Lavanah
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 1, 2008 13:32:59 GMT -5
According to my family and their telling; my grandfather, Clement Smith, his grandmother, Ellen Wipaha Smith, was related to Struck By The Ree. It was said that he was her uncle. I have no confirmation by way of documentation, yet. My search has only been in the works since October.
But, according to "Remember Your Relatives", vol. I, by Renee Sansom-Flood and Shirley A. Bernie, edited by Leonard R. Bruguier, it states, "Although Itancan until the day he died, there were times when Struck made unpopular decisions. For instance, when he supported the Treaty of 1858 (on the advice of his relative Charles F. Picotte), he was called a traitor."
Now Charles Francois Picotte was married to Louisa Benoist, sister to Julia Benoist, and mother to my grandfather. In addition, "Remember Your Relatives", states that the following are relatives to Struck By The Ree:
Gassman Arconge Ree Ashes Clement Smith Agnes Fredrick
So Hermin, that is all I have for you so far today. I have alot of docs on ancestry.com in my shoebox for further research and confirmation. When any new pieces of gold come to light, I will be sure to share them with you.
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 1, 2008 2:36:49 GMT -5
My great-grandparents on my paternal side are Yankton Sioux. The translation of these names may assist me for further investigation in the ICS. I would appreciate any help you may provide.
Their names are:
Hiram Smith (1844 - 1937) Hmuyana Ellen Smith (1842 - 1924) Wipaha - related to Struck By The Ree
Children:
Edward Smith (abt 1867) Wanbdiwokapa Amelia Smith (abt 1870) Marypiyainapa Julia Smith (abt 1874) Marpiyaoakuwin Charles Smith (abt 1877) Wanbdiowaste Wm. Smith (abt 1882) Iyohektepena
Thank you for any assistance you may provide.
Lavanah Smith-Judah
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Mar 4, 2008 22:32:39 GMT -5
Fanny "Buckles" Bruguier is a puzzle. At first, I thought she was Johnny's child. But, now I do not know. Since Josephine completely disappears, I am assuming she died.
Name: Fannie Bruguier Date of Birth: abt 1890 Age: 6 Gender: Female Relation to Head of Household: Sister Tribe: Yanktonnais Agency: Fort Peck State: Montana Last Census Number: 853 Census Date: 30 Jun 1896 Household Members: Name Age Wm Bruguier 42 Lida Bruguier 21 Fannie Bruguier 6 Source: Year: 1896; Roll: M595_151; Agency: Fort Peck. Here she is listed as SISTER
Name: Fannie Bruguier Date of Birth: abt 1891 Age: 6 Gender: Female Relation to Head of Household: Daughter Father's Name: William Mother's Name: Lida Tribe: Yanktonais Agency: Fort Peck State: Montana Last Census Number: 195 Census Date: 1897 Household Members: Name Age William Bruguier 43 Lida Bruguier 22 Fannie Bruguier 6 Source: Year: 1897; Roll: M595_152; Page: 8; Line: 23; Agency: Fort Peck. Here she is listed as DAUGHTER.
Name: Fannie Buckles Date of Birth: abt 1893 Age: 6 Gender: Female Relation to Head of Household: Niece Tribe: Yanktonai Sioux (Dakota) Agency: Fort Peck State: Montana Last Census Number: 100 Census Date: 14 Jul 1899 Household Members: Name Age Wm Bruguier 48 Lyda Bruguier 23 Lulu Bruguier 18 Julia Bruguier 9 Fannie Buckles 6 Source: Year: 1899; Roll: M595_152; Agency: Fort Peck. Here she is listed as NIECE.
Name: Fannie Buckles Date of Birth: abt 1893 Age: 6 Gender: Female Relation to Head of Household: Niece Tribe: Yanktonai Sioux (Dakota) Agency: Fort Peck State: Montana Last Census Number: 100 Census Date: 14 Jul 1899 Household Members: Name Age Wm Bruguier 48 Lyda Bruguier 23 Lulu Bruguier 18 Julia Bruguier 9 Fannie Buckles 6 Source: Year: 1899; Roll: M595_152; Agency: Fort Peck. Again here she is listed as NIECE.
THOUGHTS ANYONE?
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Mar 4, 2008 21:10:08 GMT -5
John Bruguier (Big Leggins)
1849 – 1898
John Bruguier was the son of French Canadian fur Trader, Theophile Bruguier. His mother, Dawn (Anpao), was the daughter of War Eagle. Theophile was also the husband of Dawn’s sister, Fires the Cloud Woman, or Blazing Star. The sisters had thirteen children, seven of whom were sons.
Theophile wanted his children to learn the ways of the whiteman as well as those of the Indian. He sent his sons to be educated at the College of Christian Brothers in St. Louis, Missouri. Of the seven boys, John went to school the longest.
In his early twenties, John served as U.S. Army Scout and Interpreter for General Nelson A. Miles. He distinguished himself by earning one citation after another for bravery. The Yankton might have remained with the Army had he not been involved in a fight at Grand River Agency in 1874. His brother, Bill, was jumped by another Agency employee, William McGee. In his brother’s defense, John hit McGee over the head with a club. By morning, McGee was dead and Bill Bruguier was charged in connection with the killing. Even though John had disappeared, a charge of manslaughter was filed against him. A U.S. Marshall went out after the Interpreter, but lost his trail. Bruguier Sought refuge where he knew no whiteman would follow – in the camp of Sitting Bull.
He boldly rode into the Hunkpapa encampment wearing white man’s clothing. Angry warriors threatened the intruder, but they let him through. Sitting Bull may have recognized the grandson of War Eagle. He reportedly said to his men, “Well, if you are going to kill this man, kill him; and if you are not, give a drink of water, something to eat, and a pipe of peace to smoke.” John was spared.
Eventually, Bruguier became one of Sitting Bull’s trusted advisors. “Big Leggins,” as he was called was known for his “brave runs” – brazen dashes directly under enemy fire. But his personal acquaintance with Generals such as George Armstrong Custer proved far more important. He remained close to the Hunkpapa until after the Battle of the Little Bighorn. (Bruguiers whereabouts in the historic battle has not been fully documented by Custer historians.) Some years earlier, John may have been present during Custer’s show of force on the peaceful Yankton Reservation. As the arrogant General led the Seventh Cavalry through Greenwood, he ordered his men to shoot every dog in sight. Bullets shot past frightened women and children as they attempted to flee toward the hills.
Despite his hard feelings toward Custer, Bruguier rode into Fort Peck, Montana, with evidence of his good faith. He turned over a U.S. Army paycheck taken from a dead soldier on the Custer battlefield! General Miles sent for Bruguier when he learned of the Interpreter’s sudden appearance with the check. John met with Miles and no doubt the killing of McGee was discussed. Although the General knew the fearless Yankton was a hunted fugitive, he offered the scout his old job back.
On September 27, 1879, John was finally arrested for manslaughter in the McGee Case. General Miles appeared as a character witness at the Bismarck trial. His testimony was a tribute to Bruguiers intelligence, which was of great value in several critical instances. Also appearing as character witness was the unscrupulous land speculator and lawyer, Dr. Walter A. Burleigh. The doctor successfully entered into court record a petition signed in John’s behalf by many leading citizens of Miles City, Montana. The jury deliberated half an hour before delivering the final verdict of not guilty. John was so convincing, spectators burst into applause. (Later, John’s Yankton land holdings went to Burleigh as a possible fee for legal counsel.)
John continued to perform valuable interpreting services for many years. He was called upon at various important events such as the meetings bet6ween general Miles and Indian leaders after the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890.
In later years, Bruguier moved to a reservation near Poplar, Montana. On June 13, 1898, the well-known Interpreter was himself murdered on a lonely, deserted road by a man wielding a wagon wrench.
It is difficult to determine the impact John Bruguiers alliances had on the course of frontier history.
Story taken from Remember Your Relatives; Yankton Sioux Images, 1851 to 1904, volume I, by Renee Sansom-Flood and Shirley A. Bernie, edited by Leonard R. Bruguier.
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Feb 4, 2008 17:43:40 GMT -5
So much to read and so little time.... Great look to the website and I definitely plan to peruse at my leisure. Thank you.
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Feb 4, 2008 12:55:40 GMT -5
The following are ICS for Edward and Charles Eastman. I hope this helps you somewhat. 1890-Charles Eastman 1885-Santee Agency-Charles Eastman and Brother 1885-Santee Agency - Edward and Mary 1888-Santee-Edward Eastman and Mother, Anna Ross 1890-Santee/Flandreau-Charles Eastman and Family 1899-Flandreau-Eastman Family 1908-Flandreau-CAEastman 1909-Santee Agency-Edward Eastman 1934-Flandreau Agency-Eastman Family 1937-Rosebud Agency - Charles Eastman, Jr and Family
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Feb 3, 2008 4:12:14 GMT -5
Name: John Bruguier Date of Birth: abt 1850 Age: 46 Gender: Male Relation to Head of Household: Father Spouse's Name: Josephine Tribe: Yanktonnais Agency: Fort Peck State: Montana Last Census Number: 885 Census Date: 30 Jun 1896 Neighbors: View others on page Household Members: Name Age John Bruguier 46 Josephine Bruguier 34 Lula Bruguier 15 Julia Bruguier 8
On War Eagle Tree it shows no marriage and no children. Just thought I would add it, in case no one else has caught it. I also believe there was another child, Fannie "Buckles" Bruguier. After Johnny's death Lulu and Julia went to live with Wm and Lydia Bruguier. I do not know what happened to Josephine. I am still researching.
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 24, 2008 0:27:53 GMT -5
The Life and Times Of Theophile Bruguier Married four times in the American West. Quoted from the book SAMUEL KIPP (1753 - 1803) et ses descendants - Une etude biographique et genealogique, by Louis Richard, 1950 "The following sketch of the life of Theophile Bruguier, the pioneer settler of Sioux City, is principally the composition of J.C.C. Hoskins, one of the early residents of Sioux City, and a most noted scholar. It was prepared by request for the Sioux City Academy of Science and Letters. Mr. C.R. Marks had taken down written interviews with L.D. Letellier and Joseph Leonais who had been traders up the Missouri River with Bruguier, and with Mr. O.O. Tredway, who had been interested with him in later years in trading projects, and had a long intimate acquaintance with him. Mr. Marks furnished Mr. Hoskins with these interviews. This biography is written by Mr. Hoskins as a relation by himself, and in the first person, and is practically given here, almost entire, as being the best account ever likely to be written. In order to give all the angle and episodes of Bruguier's life for record in print, additional information has been added, including an account of a trading trip to Fort Pierre, in 1860, written by Louis D. Letellier, an early French settler, and up river trader. This is in Mr. Letellier's French dialect and spelling. These are inserted at intervals in the course of Mr. Hoskin's article and easily distinguished from it, as not being in the first person. Other matter is also added. These insertions are mostly enclosed in brackets." Sketch of Life of Theophile Bruguier by J.C.C. Hoskins, Edited by C.R. Marks. "In May 1857, I first saw that remarkable man, Theophile Bruguier. He was living with his people around him, a veritable sultan with his harem and his subjects. His word was law with the Indians, who frequented his ranch, and through him much intercourse and business seemed to be carried on with the white people of the vicinity. He was then in the prime of life. He was of medium height, but of athletic build, and quick in motion as a "loup cervier" in his native forest. His head was well formed, his hair black and abundant, his beard was magnificent and "Oh, but he was handsome," was the exclamation of a lady who knew him well in those days, when I questioned her some years ago. Indeed he was a man of splendid physique with eyes of wonderful intensity, gently and fascinating in social intercourse with friends, but terrible in wrath in conflict with enemies. It was evident that among his people he must have been much loved and deeply feared. It was said that he never knew fear, and to me this seems likely true. The late O.C. Tredway, his lawyer for many years and associated in some business enterprises, had his confidence and knew him most intimately in his later years. He says of him in a recorded interview with our president, Mr. C.R. Marks: "He was very bright and would have made his mark in the world. ... Had it not been for his early loss it is hard to tell what he might have become ... bright and educated as he was in his youth. He really was a wonderful man." To me he appears to have been endowed with many qualities necessary to the great man - the man who leads armies, or controls and molds communities. Something however, must have been lacking in his mental makeup; or was it indeed the circumstances of his early life that consigned him to the society of savages - that made him virtually a savage himself during all the period of early manhood down to middle life, and so shackled him with habits and obligations that he could not re-enter civilization with full use of the powers given him by birth. He was born in the parish L'Assomption on the St. Lawrence River a little below Montreal, August 31, 1813, the son of Madrid and Elizabeth (Keep) <Her name was Kipp, but said with a French accent, it could sound like keep> Bruguier. His father was French, his mother English <Loyalists who fought on the side of the British in the American Revolutionary war were often referred to as English> and both were of Catholic faith. It is worth notice here that Mr. Tredway calls Bruguier really an Englishman, stating that his own mother and his paternal grandmother were of English blood, leaving for Bruguier at most only one quarter a Celt - his character, his courage, his bull dog persistence were altogether English. For myself I find him a pretty strong infursion of Mercurial French easily raised to fever heat, but rarely rising beyond control of his cooler English element. The parents were farmers of good family and connection, intelligent and well to do for that region, where all were poor as we now reckon poverty. I can say little of them of or other members of the family, only I knew a brother-in-law sixty-five years ago. I was principal of a New England academy in those days and my old French tutor sent me from Canada three young men to be taught the English language and prepared for college. Two of them went from my school to Harvard college. Louis Leon Lesueuer Des Aulniers <Louis Leon Lesieur-Desaulniers> took the degree of M.D. and became noted in Canada professionally and politically, having held a prominent position in the provincial government as member of the cabinet. He married a sister of Bruguier <this is not correct, it was Laurent Lesieur-Desaulniers, a distant relative, who married Rosianne Bruguiere, Theophile's sister.> and a son once came to Sioux City and brought me a message from his father with whom I had carried on a correspondence for some years in the French language. The young man was very prepossessing in appearance, and I think Bruguier found him employment as clerk at some trading post up the Missouri river. Another nephew, Mr. <Gustave> Derome has been for many years a respected citizen of Wood bury County and at one time a justice of peace at Salix, I think. Mr. Brugier has told me that his parents desired he should be a lawyer, and with that in view gave him better opportunities for education than his fellows enjoyed, but that he was fond of hunting and adventure and tired of the dull prosy life of the country and the hard work he was called on to endure when out of school. Mr. Tredway says: "He has told me many things about his private life. He was educated in Canada and was early put into commercial life at St. John <most likely St. Paul de Lavaltrie> not far from his home at Joliet. He was engaged to marry a French lady there, and I have in my possession the last letter she ever wrote him. I got it from the estate of Mrs. Bruguier, which letter Bruguier had always treasured. This letter shows she was a lady of culture and refinement and a perfect lady. She speaks of their expected marriage in the fall of 1834 or 1835, I forget which. He has often told me of the occurrence, and the letter also speaks of it. The cholera broke out in St. John <most likely St. Paul de Lavaltrie> while Mr. Bruguier was at his home in Joliet visiting for a short time and this letter was written to him at Joliet, and told of the death of a certain fried that had caused a great commotion and quite an excitement on account of the cholera, there were expressed great fears, and he told me that two or three days after receiving this letter he received intelligence of her death by cholera. On receipt of this said news he immediately left that country for the Missouri valley, and it was eighteen years before he ever returned again. To me he never spke of this tragedy of life. An uncle <James Kipp> had migrated to St. Louis and was connected there with the great American Fur company, which employed large numbers of men as clerks, traders, trappers and bargemen throughout the Indian country which then extended the entire length of the Missouri river and across the Rocky Mountains. Most of these men were recruited in Canada and many from the Bruguier neighborhood. Probably young Bruguier was affected by the wonderful tales told of Indians, and buffalo and grizzle bears, and border fights - told by recruiting agents, or by returned veterans, much the same as boys in recent years have been by dime novels of adventure in the wild west. At any rate, October 14, 1835, he left home and, travelling by boat and stage - there were no railroads then - via the lakes to Green Bay, Wis., thence to the Mississippi river, he reached St. Louis the 1st day of November, and November 19th entered the service of the fur company and started for fort Pierre to trade with the Indians. He was doubtless an effective trader, as he soon mastered the Dakota tongue and made extensive acquaintance with the various bands of Sioux who roamed over the northwest at that time. Why his connection with the fur company was severed is not know to me with certainty, but after two years and a half constant service Bruguier left them and set up for himself. He may have been impatient of restraint, and fonder of independent action than suited the company's managers; or he may have been ambitious of building up an independent business for himself, or, as seems to me very likely there may have been a "woman in the case." It must have been about this time that he formally assumed fellowship with the yankton band of the Dakotas, and married according to Indian custom a daughter of the Wah-me-da-wah-kee, an Isanti chief. (I find the name of this chief written Hu-yau-e-ka, elsewhere, but in both forms the interpretation is given as War Eagle). I do not remember hearing Bruguier speak the name of War Eagle in the Indian tongue. The two names I have given have been given me by two Frenchmen who knew him and probably both are translatable into War Eagle, though the Chief himself would possibly have recognized neither. The Dakota language has many dialects and synonyms. War Eagle was of Isanti family, who lived on the Mississippi river below St. Paul. In early life he gained some notoriety as a warrior and was recognized as a chief by the Indian agent, Maj. Pitcher. He was always a friend of the whites and sought peace with them, and associated freely with them so far as he was able. About 1830 he acted for some time as a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi river. Indulgence in whiskey cost him his influence and his health and he came to live with his son-in-law, Bruguier, in whose house he died in 1851, aged about 65 years. He was buried on the point of a bluff opposite the mouth of the Big Sioux in a sitting posture with his eyes just above the surface of the ground commanding the Dakota bottom land as far north as the Vermillion plateau, some thirty miles, and looking south over Nebraska about forty miles to the Blackbird hills. Few points presnet a broader, richer or lovelier landscape, or one today better occupied and cultivated. The Treadway interview says that "for a good many years Bruguier lived entirely to himself, not associating with the Indians in their life at all, before he gave way to the wild life they pursued. He then adopted the customs of the country, and commenced mingling with the Indian race and married two fo War Eagle's daughters and raised two families of children and always cared for them to the uttermost of his ability and spent thousands and thousands of dollars on their education. After adopting the Indian life he sank into the wildest barbarism for about twelve years to the extent of wearing Indian apparel just as a wild Indian. For the next ten years he lived with the Indians as one of them, sharing their fortunes, hunting with them, taking part in their forays and their privations, himself a member of their band. (His daughter, Mrs. Conger, says, in this periodhe dressed in garb of the French trappers' buckskin coats and pants, tanned by Indians and beaded, that he never went part naked as the Indians did.) He attained large influence with them, not merely with Isantis and yanktons, but with all the affiliated Sioux and became in fact a trusted and honored chief, especially by reason of his superior knowledge of white man's ways and business habits. During these years he carried on an intermittent intercourse with the whites, collecting robes and furs, which were sold to the various posts of the fur company on the Missouri or Mississippi rivers. Of the ten years he led this life Mr. Bruguier was never ready to talk. Like all brave men he was reticent as to his deeds of prowess. Sometimes he condescended to speak to some events of the period, and men are now living who testify to his reckless daring. He came to know his adopted people thoroughly, and by his strenth and prompt action he so lived and so acted as to lead them to believe him proof against ordinary weapons. To his enemies he also seemed to bear a charmed life. They thought him endowed with presence of mind and bodily strength and activity by some supernatural power that warded him from all their weapons and enabled him always to gain the victory. Two Frenchmen who knew him in those days have told me that his weapons were always in his hands and his use of them was like a thunderbolt for speed and execution. His strength was very marvelous. Once he told me of an escape from the Pawnees that so impressed the simple mind of that tribe that so far as he knew no Pawnee thereafter ever sought him with hostile intent. He was going up the Niobrara river with a covered wagon to bring down furs and robes from the stations some distance up that stream. He was alone and as he was passing along a somewhat steep hillside through a wooded trail extending far up the slope and declining below the trail into a dense thicket of brush and vines he thought he heard a deer or elk above him. So he tied his team and went carefully stalking up the hill for meat. When some distance from his wagon the Pawnees rose around him so near and in such numbers as to make resistance seem vain and escape impossible. the Pawnees thought so, at any rate, and so paused to taunt and jeer their victim before seizing him for torment and death. But Bruguier's thoughts and acts were like the electric spark, and he sprang down the hill toward the wagon with the whooping crowd in full pursuit and arrow thick as hail in the air around him. Nearing the wagon with with a desperate leap he cleared its top and landed safely in the weeds and brush below. The Indians struck with fear and wonder at his leap did not pusue and he, with broken ribs and many bruises, made his way crawling sometimes on hands and knees over frozen ground with four inches of snow, sixteen miles to a trading post on the Dakota side of the Missouri below Niobrara's mouth. After some days a party visited the scene of this adventure and found the wagon with its contents untouched and safe, though the horses had disappeared. Long after, Bruguier was told by a Pawnee that they did not touch the wagon or its contents. They were so amazed at Bruguier's leap that all belonging to him was deemed "black medicine" and he himself too dangerous to approach in hostile manner. (Bruguier's family sat <say> that he never killed any on in self defense or otherwise). Continued on following posting.
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 24, 2008 0:26:08 GMT -5
It is said that he was the only white man that ever dared whip an Indian and stay among them afterwards. With him there was no hesitation. Insult or wrong met with instant vengeance. It is related that when in the employ of the fur company he landed alone at a point on the upper Missouri to cross the country to a company camp at some distance from the great river, and soon after landing found himself among a squad of strange Indians; they thought to have a little fun with the stranger and began by prodding him here and there with sharp pointed arrows. They did not know Theophile Bruguier. He whaled away at them with the butt of his gun and laid one of the redskins on the ground at his feet, and told the others if they further molested him he would kill the whole party. His audacity had such effect that then and there they shook hands with him and declared him a sioux warrior and ever after he was safe on prairie or in forest in all that region. There is nothing so impressive to the wild Indian as audacious courage joined to active strength. So during all these years Bruguier escaped uninjured amid the constant warfare and death around him.
The many wild adventures and strange accidents through which he passed would doubtless make an interesting book, but they have mainly gone intooblivion like the years and the customs of the people among whom he lived. Once only did he suffer serious injury. In some trouble with his neighbors, the particulars of which I do not now recall, though I know he told me, he was shot through the lungs. I think he had exposed himself unnecessarily, trusting to his reputation. (Bruguier's daughter, Mrs. Conger, says of the incident that a number of Indians were drunk in his camp and were doing a lot of shooting and in trying to quell the riot Bruguier was shot, whether purposely or by accident was not known.) I believe he instanly killed his assailant and then walked calmly to his house, near which he fell. He was lifted by his women, carried within and laid across the doorway in accordance with some Indian etiquette, and his household raised the death song. It seems that the eldest wife had dreamed of this event some days before and had narrated the particulars much to Bruguier's annoyance, and now when she raised the death song, she repeated her dream and reproached him for neglect of her warning, repeating over and again "Now he is killed -- he is dead -- dead!" Bruguier reviving from his swoon ordered her to stop howling, asserting with many explestives that he was not dead, that he would not die, that no Indian would kill him. In a short time he was apparently as well and strong as ever; but many years thereafter he told me he did not have the endurance he enjoyed before that wound, and that he was constantly annoyed by a cough which sometimes gave him alarm. During these years, about ten I think of savage life, he had taken to wife according to the custom of the tribe, one after another two daughters of War Eagle, and his tepee was made cheerfule with many children. It is certain, however, that all these years he was looking forward to resume his place in civilized society; for all these children were sent away at an early age to some school at St. Louis or Detroit or elsewhere and acquired at least a common school education, and some of them made proficiency in higher branches. There were thirteen of them, all at the paternal home of whom several are believed now to be lviing. Two infants lie buried beside their grandfather, the great chief, and three vigorous and promising young men met with violent deaths. One, Andrew, was stabbed by a fellow student in a St. Louis college. Two were murdered in government employ as interpreters. One, Rose Ann, married first a Frenchman, Odillon Lamoreaux, and settled on the Big Sioux just over the line in Plymouth county, but is now living in this country, the wife of a respectable citizen named Dubois, to whom she had one child, a daughter. The youngest girl is the wife of Mr. Foerster, a prominent merchant in St. Louis but now living in New York. She visited her aged step-mother and the place of her birth some years since and is a well bred, accomplished lady. She has no children. Julia married a son of Col Northrup of Minnesota. He was wagon-master in the army and was killed by the Chippewas. She afterward married a son of Mr. Conger, the agent for the Yanktons, and reared a family, married Traversi, a son of the Traversi who reared a family of half-breeds just below this city on the raod to Sergeant Bluffs and they are said to live in South Dakota west of Pierre and to be possessed of large wealth in cattle, horses and other property usual on large ranches, Victoria died when young. The eldest son, Charles, was at college when the civil war commenced and with other students enlisted and went to the front. He distinguished himself, winning a commission on the battle field, but like many of his fellows, contracted bad habits in the service, so it was told. Joseph was killed by an Indian a little above Yankton and it is believed that Charles hunted and killed this Indian. John was a scout for General Miles and an interpreter in employ of the government. He visited Sioux City after his father's death and I saw and talked with him. He appeared a fine looking, intelligent, well mannered gentleman, and I was much shocked to hear soon after that he had been shot, from ambush while hauling lumber sonewhere on the upper river. Samuel and William, I suppose to be living somewhere on the upper Missouri, if alive at this time. Eugene married a half breed girl and when I last heard of him, was living at Standing Rock, S.D., in tribal telation with his red kindred.
(Mrs. Conger and Mrs. Bronnin, her daughter, and grand-daughter of Bruguier, say that Charles Bruguier was killed by a white man, C.C. Clifford, because of Charles Bruguier being the successful bidder over Clifford, on a small route contract. The killing was at Rapid City, South Dakota. Clifford was arrested and put in jail, but some of his friends broke into the jail, released him, and he never was apprehended.)
Brugier's children were all intelligent and inherited largely the beauty and stength of their father.
(Dr. William R. smith, who was one of the early physicians in Sioux City, and attended the Brugier family, spoke as follows of this family:
"It was no doubt that these noble daugthers, (of War Eagle) the wives of Mr. Bruguier, maintained the proud spirit of the famous chief of the Yankton Sioux within the pale of civilization. I recall way back in the fifties the primitive but natural dignity and fine bearing of these noble and devoted daughters, wives and mothers, surrounded by a group of seemingly happy children, making, as I well knew, the bravest kind of an effot to master and practise the arts of a more esacting civilization to that of which they had been accustomed."
"They were tall and rather fine looking women and impressed one as possessing a genuiness of character which invited trust and confidence. They were especially devoted to their children."
"How well I remember some of the smaller children, who without any hesitation would talk to their father in French, to me in English and to the mothers in Sioux. These women were pioneers of their race. They were pioneers of the frontier in raising Indian corn, the distinctive glory of our Corn Palace City."
After ten years of this independent life we find him drawing away from his savage connections and he is again in the service of the fur company. The whole settlements are pushing westward. They have passed the Mississippi, and actually touch the Missouri at Council Bluffs. He began to yearn for a more settled life and closer intercourse with his own race. In 1849, we find him leaving the service of the fur company. He had determined to abandon his wandering life and join farming to his profitable trade with the Indians. Three years earlier he had selected the mouth of the Big Sioux river as a most desirable site to occupy when age or infirmity compelled a less nomadic life.
Bruguier told a curious story of his choice of location on his return to civilization. "One night," said he, "when I was at old Fort Pierre, I could not sleep and I went up on the bluff and lay down in the open and falling into a light slumber I was in deep grief for what I had become and for the place I was living in. All at once I saw spread before me a landscape of bluffs and a stream near a big river with wooded reavine and bottom land with open prairie near by. I awakened with a perfect picture in my mind, which I described to old War Eagle, who at once recognized its features as existing at the mouth of the Big Sioux which I had never seen. At this place I at once decided to make my abode." And there he settled in 1849. There stood his numerous log cabins for many years and there still stand the house he afterward built. Just below the street car bridge, after it crosses the Milwaukee railroad at the foot of the hill and reaches the bottom land.
Northwestern Iowa had been purchased from the Sioux in 1847, but no whites except French traders and employees had as yet established homes on its fertile acres. There was no government survey for some years afterwards, but he laid claim to a considerable tract of land along the Big Sioux from its mouth upward, to which he ultimately received good title. He also claimed a tract at the mouth of Perry Creek covering what is now Sioux City, south of Seventh Street, between Jones street and Perry creek. Here he gathered logs to build a cabin but in 1852 he sold this claim for $100 to Joseph Lyonais, who in 1855 sold to Dr. J.K. Cook for $3,000.00. At that time there were two log cabins on the tract and they were the germ of the Sioux City of today. In 1857, when I came to Sioux City, I could trace Lyonais' corn field along Perry Creek, on both side below Third Street.
(In 1858 a treaty was negotiated between the Ponca and Yankton tribes and the U.S. Government through J.B.S. Todd, C.F. Piocotte and Theophile Bruguier, commissioners, whereby the Indians surrendered about 16,000,000 acres in Southeastern Dakota, watered by Sioux, Vermillion, James Neobrara and Missouri rivers for $2,000,000 or 12 1/2 cents an acre. This opened up South Dakato to white settlement.)
At this time, then in May, 1849, Bruguier established himself as a farmer-ranchman and trader at the mouth of the Big Sioux where I found him on that pleasant day in May in 1857. Before this he had relinquished all authority in his tribe and had bestowed his wife's youngest sister upon his former friend, Henry Ayote, who had come from Canada with him and been his companion all these years.
There was large log house near where now stands the frame house which he afterwards built, standing not far from the buildings of the Riverside railway trestle over the Chicago and Milwaukee railroad. Standing northward at short distance apart were half a cozen smaller cabins or stables. Around was a crowd of Indians and half-breeds, many of them busy cooking. They had killed one or more beeves and were boiling the meat in large kettles hung on poles over fires of logs and brush. Here and there were some drawing meat from the kettles, eating it, tearing it with fingers and teeth.
Others laid large chunks on boards or logs and cut it with knives. A few had tin plates and old styletwo-pronged forks and knives of iron. I saw no other food than meat. I learned that this scene continued from morn till night and from day to day as long as the supply held out. By Indian custom the food acquired by one is free to all his family, and his family includes every member of his "gens," in fact all who had right to his surname, even if perfect strangers. So every member of Bruguier's "gens" was free to kill and eat Bruguier's herd. This, of course, would not be a profitable depletion of the herd under ordinary circumstances, but there were compensations. These Indians, in considerdation of lands sold to the government were receiving quarterly annuities in cash. Now Mr. Bruguier constantly forbade the Indians to slaughter his cattle, and they as regularly killed and ate them, and just as regularly on quarter day he appeared before the paying agent and made complaint that they had taken a certain number of his cattle, without leave, and presenting a bill for a good round sum demanded that he should be paid out of the general allowance. This was the best market possible. He always got his money, though the bill was generally more or less discounted as being somewhat exorbitant. Moreover, the agent "has to be seen" (I believe that is the proper sland.) However, the bill was made out with full expectations of these drawbacks. I recollect on one such pay day meeting him raging furiously -- venting his wrath upon the agent -- perhaps a new man, interlading abuse of the agent with expletive curses on his own stupidity. On inquiry I learned that is bill of $16,000.00 had been cut down to $10,000.00, or thereabouts, which left him after expense was paid -- that is discount and "seeing the agent" only about $8,000.00 in all. He was cursing his own stupidity in not making a bill for $20,000.00, as he in that case would probably, after discounts, have received $12,000.00, which he stoutly maintained would have been only a fair compensation. I would not vouch for the exactness of the numbers given, only for the general character of the transaction. If Solomon had lived in that day on the Indian frontier, I think he might have enumerated among the mysteries not understandable the relations between Indian agencies and white contractors and ranchmen in the settlement for depredations and for losses of supplies through no fault of the contractor.
Here in May 1857, one of Bruguier's wives died and the other in 1859, and they are both buried by their father's side and the children on the point of bluff near the mouth of the Big Sioux. As the mouth of the Sioux changes location from year to year I would say that the graves of War Eagle and family are on the first high bluff toward the city from the debauchement of the ravine down which lised the trolley line to Riverside park.
(Louis D. Letellier, in writing up his Journal, gave an account of his experience with Bruguier in a trading expedition which gives some idea of his experiences as a trader after he had settled at the mouth of the Sioux.)
In March, 1860, Bruguier outfitted at Sioux City, a trading expedition to the Indians around Fort Pierre. He hired six men. Hamilton, an old trader, was place
Father: Jean Baptiste Medard BRUGUIERE b: 23 MAR 1788 in Assumption (Saint Pierre du Portage) Mother: Elizabeth KIPP b: 27 JUL 1791 in Quebec
Marriage 1 Blazing CLOUD Children Jean Baptiste BRUGUIERE b: ABT. 1838 Andre BRUGUIERE Rose BRUGUIERE Marie BRUGUIERE Selena BRUGUIERE Charles BRUGUIERE Eugene BRUGUIERE
Marriage 2 DAWN Children Julia BRUGUIERE b: 15 NOV 1844 in Fort Vermillion Victoria BRUGUIERE Joseph BRUGUIERE John BRUGUIERE William BRUGUIERE Samuel BRUGUIERE
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 12, 2008 18:41:22 GMT -5
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 21, 2008 2:30:06 GMT -5
Thank you for all your help. I already have all of that information. And as far as the War Eagle family tree posted on this website which I have printed, it is totally incomprehensible. Its about 18 printed pages of 1,2,3,4,5 branches all on different pages. Along with all of the ~~~~ and unknowns(where the heck do they belong). It is as if someone downloaded from a family tree software to this board unable to accept it properly.
Trust me when I say, for all of lay genealogists who use your site, this piece of work is just that a real piece of work. Even when I try to use for a clue here or there I get a headache. LOL
That composite leaves me CLUELESS both literally and figuratively. And, I realize someone had to do a lot of work to compile that piece of work and I appreciate all of thier good intentions, really I do.
Everyone on this website is so helpful and I just can't tell you how much I appreciate the fact you are here.
Yuhapi c'ante was'te Mitakuye pidamay
Lavanah
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 20, 2008 3:35:08 GMT -5
I just came across an interesting 1860 US Fed. Census whereby Georgianna Northrup (my Great-Grandmother) is 16 yrs old and is listed as the niece of Louis and Rose Lamereaux. This is the first time since I have been working on the family tree that I have come across relatives in the Lamereaux branch of our Dakota tiospayes.
I am wondering who Rose was prior to marrying Louis and what the connection is with Georgianna, my great grandmother, so I may possibly be able add more family to our tree. The more the merrier, I always say! Georgianna's parents and the pasted copy of 1860 doc. are the following:
Julia Bruguiere- Granddaughter of War Eagle Born: 15 Nov 1844 Fort Vermillion, Dakota Territory Died: 10 May 1934 Charles Mix County, South Dakota
and
Cassius Milan Conger Born: 1851 Dubuque, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
1880 US FEDERAL CENSUS Name: Louis Lamereaux Home in 1880: Omadi, Dakota, Nebraska Age: 29 Estimated Birth Year: abt 1851 Birthplace: Canada Relation to Head of Household: Self (Head) Spouse's Name: Rose Occupation: Farmer Marital Status: Married Race: White Gender: Male
Household Members: Name Age Louis Lamereaux 29 Rose Lamereaux 32 Meddie Lamereaux 4 Samuel Lamereaux 2 Georgeanna Northrup 16 - Niece
I should have given you all this information the first time and I apologize; it was late and I was just so tired. My family tree is like a full time job for me right now and I am putting 10 to 15 hours a day on the research, plus documenting all 522 Dakota people thus far. I have relatives who are living on the reservation and I don't even know them. I can't wait to go home and meet them all. But, first I would like to get to know all my ancestors and what a story they are "telling" me since I started this project. Thank you so much for your time and consideration on this particular matter. Lavanah Smith-Judah
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Jan 19, 2008 5:31:54 GMT -5
I just came across an interesting doc, . Georgianna Northrup-Cote is 16 yrs old and is listed as the niece of Louis and Rose Lamereaux. Could you please tell me the connection here?
1880 US FEDERAL CENSUS Name: Louis Lamereaux Home in 1880: Omadi, Dakota, Nebraska Age: 29 Estimated Birth Year: abt 1851 Birthplace: Canada Relation to Head of Household: Self (Head) Spouse's Name: Rose Occupation: Farmer Marital Status: Married Race: White Gender: Male
Household Members: Name Age Louis Lamereaux 29 Rose Lamereaux 32 Meddie Lamereaux 4 Samuel Lamereaux 2 Georgeanna Northup 16 - Niece
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Post by Spirit of the Owl Woman on Apr 9, 2008 18:13:43 GMT -5
I was searching the Internet to see if anyone else, besides me, was having a problem effectively communicating on the Internet and being misinterpreted and/or not understood.
Lo and Behold! Apparently, I am not the only one. I just didn't understand the extent until I really started researching the subject--I even read the study mentioned below.
I found two postings I thought might be helpful for those in the same boat as myself. The following post by Randall Parker speaks my sentiments exactly and BEYOND FLAMING are tips I will be more thoughtful of in the future when posting. Lavanah Smith-Judah
Do not expect your written communications to be understood. In effect, e-mail cannot adequately convey emotion. A recent study by Profs. Justin Kruger of New York University and Nicholas Epley of the University of Chicago focused on how well sarcasm is detected in electronic messages. Their conclusion: Not only do e-mail senders overestimate their ability to communicate feelings, but e-mail recipients also overestimate their ability to correctly decode those feelings.
One reason for this, the business-school professors say, is that people are egocentric. They assume others experience stimuli the same way they do. Also, e-mail lacks body language, tone of voice, and other cues - making it difficult to interpret emotion.
'A typical e-mail has this feature of seeming like face-to-face communication,' Professor Epley says. 'It's informal and it's rapid, so you assume you're getting the same paralinguistic cues you get from spoken communication.'
I see the same thing all the time in post comment discussions here and all over the blogosphere and in various discussion forum venues and the Usenet. People misinterpret my posts. They misinterpret each other. They get morally indignant and insulting. Things descend from there. I try to read my writings for alternative explanations to reduce the extent of the problem but still expect to be misunderstood some of the time.
People think they are just as clear in email as they are on the phone. How can humans be that foolish? (er, never mind, we are that foolish all the time)
So then the internet is automating the process of producing misunderstandings! We internet dwellers have more communications misunderstandings than those who still restrict their lives to the real world." By Randall Parker at 2006 May 21 12:27 PM Comm Tech Society
BEYOND FLAMING: HOW TO FIGHT FAIR ONLINE posted on the Netdynam mailing list 6/96; revised 4/97 by Tracy Marks, Boston area psychotherapist and Internet trainer
Feeling hurt or angry after reading an blog posting/email message from friend, family member, colleague or online acquaintance? Here are twelve guidelines for conflict resolution via email - many of them also useful for in-person relationships.
1. Clarify the INTENT of your communication. Is it primarily to justify yourself or are you seeking resolution with the other party? Can you do both?
2. Try to maintain AWARENESS of the other person on the receiving end, and the effect your communication is likely to have upon him or her. Attempt to be conscious of both SELF and OTHER as you write.
3. Write as DIRECTLY and clearly as possible. Consider how the other person might misinterpret your language, and take more time to explain thoughts that might easily be misinterpreted.
4. If the other person understands them, use EMOTICONS or other forms of Internet shorthand (such as <grin> <frown> <wink) if doing so helps clarify your communication. Sometimes, using emoticons (such as :-) for smiling, or :-( for frowning) understood by both parties can help lighten the interaction, and ease the conflict. If the other person doesn't understand the emoticon, you can still use it - just indicate its meaning!
5. Establish some EMPATHIC resonance with the other person first....agreeing or joining him in his thoughts or feelings, before moving away and further explaining your point of view. Don't start by putting him on the defensive. Let him know you hear him.
6. Be aware that due to your personal history, and the fears or desires that you hold in regard to the other person, that you may misinterpret his or her message. If you're not sure about his or her meaning or intent, communicate your confusion. ASK before you make assumptions which may not be accurate, and before you treat those assumptions as if they are fact.
7. Take RESPONSIBILITY for your part in the conflict, and try to find and express the part of yourself that generally regrets the role you played, and wishes to meet the other halfway. If you know you are overreacting, acknowledge it (and the past baggage you carry). APOLOGIZE...honestly and sincerely.
8. DON'T HIT below the belt. If you know the other person's vulnerabilities, stay away from them, as tempted as you may feel to score a bull’s eye. If you need to do so, write a long email message targeting the other person head-on, then delete it...or city girl to your offline friends. Don't send a response until you have at least some investment in ending the battle, rather than merely intensifying it.
9. If you need TIME to work through your raw feelings or clarify your reactions and thoughts or to feel ready to communicate openly with the other person, take the time. Take as long as you need. If you can. Let the other person know you need time out to process, and will return when you've cooled off and are ready to engage in a real attempt at resolution.
10. Don't get lost in the content of the argument. Stay close to how you feel and how the other person feels. Aim to heal the hurt or angry FEELINGS rather than change the other's perception of reality. He/she may not be able to see your point of view.
11. If a part of you seeks the other person's validation, take the time with yourself to VALIDATE yourself, and let go of attachment to their response. If you need some validation from others before you can do such letting go, then communicate with a friend who is not involved in the conflict and seek validation from him or her.
12. Know when to LET GO. You may not be able to change another person's perceptions or interpretations of a situation, and may have to validate yourself or look for validation elsewhere if the other person can't fully grasp your point of view.
Aim to ACCEPT your differences and your separateness, to let go of the issue, to say, "Ok, this is my experience, and this is yours, and we're not going to get anywhere by pursuing this further. We have different perceptions and memories. So I'll allow you to exist with a different reality than my own reality, and hopefully we can both move on...."
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